Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 31 to 40.

Education serves as a cornerstone of society, shaping individuals and fostering development. The idiom “the key to success” reflects the belief that education unlocks opportunities and paves the way for personal and professional growth. [I] However, disparities in educational access and quality remain pressing issues in many communities. [II]

One of the primary roles of education is to equip individuals with essential skills and knowledge. [III] This process not only prepares students for the workforce but also encourages critical thinking and informed citizenship. A well-rounded education can empower individuals to engage with societal issues and contribute positively to their communities. Nevertheless, the quality of education can vary significantly based on geographical location and socio-economic status, leading to inequalities that hinder societal progress.

Moreover, education plays a vital role in promoting social cohesion and cultural understanding. [IV] Through diverse curricula and inclusive teaching practices, schools can cultivate respect for different perspectives and foster empathy among students. This is crucial in today’s multicultural society, where understanding and collaboration are essential for harmony.

In summary, while education is often heralded as the path to success, it is vital to address the inequalities that exist within the system. By investing in educational reform and ensuring equitable access to quality education, society can work towards a more just and inclusive future.

The word “this” in paragraph 3 refers to _______.